Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Trials started per year, stacked by phase (darker = later phase). Source: ClinicalTrials.gov via Clin2, which tracks studies recruiting in recent years — early years undercount.

Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are curable in most cases with available drugs such as pentavalent antimonials, miltefosine, or amphotericin B. Over recent decades, treatment has become more effective and accessible, with case numbers declining in many regions. A key milestone was the introduction of oral miltefosine, the first pill for this disease. However, effective medicines are not always available where they are needed, especially in poor and remote areas. While the disease is highly treatable, global access to diagnosis and care still lags behind.

Can leishmaniasis be cured?

Yes, most cases of cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis are curable with appropriate treatment, especially when started early.

What are the main treatment options?

Common treatments include pentavalent antimonials, miltefosine (an oral drug), and amphotericin B. The choice depends on the form of the disease and local resistance patterns.

Is there a vaccine for leishmaniasis?

No vaccine is currently available for human leishmaniasis. Prevention focuses on avoiding sandfly bites and controlling the insect vectors.

How is leishmaniasis transmitted?

It is spread through the bite of infected female sandflies. It is not passed directly from person to person.

What happens if leishmaniasis is left untreated?

Cutaneous sores may heal slowly but can leave scars. Mucocutaneous forms can cause severe disfigurement, and visceral leishmaniasis can be fatal if untreated.